The end of the 'Cold War' coincided, perhaps significantly, with a shift in interest from Thucydides' dichotomous account of the Peloponnesian War to Herodotus' remarkably encyclopedic account of the relationships between Greece and the East.  Herodotus' nuanced account of the conflict between these two areas is an admirable emblem for our conference, in that it not only imitates the conferences' own immensely wide range of disciplines, history, religion, sociology, politics etc., but also has an intense interest in matters of identity.  Current scholarship has swept away any notions of Herodotus as simplistically 'pro-Greek' and replaced them with a much more sophisticated picture of a writer who complicates and even renders irrelevant notions of 'the Other'.  The relevance of his work to contemporary conflicts is obvious.  This paper will examine some ways in which Herodotus deals with identity and conflict.